What does the musical term "sforzando" refer to?

The term "sforzando" refers to a strong accent on a note, indicating that the performer should play that particular note with sudden emphasis and force. This dynamic marking is utilized in musical compositions to create a pronounced effect, drawing attention to specific notes or chords. When a musician sees "sforzando" in the score, they understand that they need to apply a sharp, intense attack at that moment, adding an expressive quality to the performance.

In contrast, other options describe different musical concepts. A quick pause refers to a rest in music, playing softly denotes a piano dynamic, and a gradual increase in volume describes a crescendo. These terms convey other aspects of dynamics and articulation that are distinct from the sudden emphasis required by "sforzando." Understanding this distinction is crucial for interpreting and performing music accurately.